THE STATE OF THE ART OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN APPLE ORCHARDS

摘要

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a decision-based process involving coordinated use of multiple tactics for optimising control of all classes of pests (insects, mites, diseases, weeds etc.) in an ecologically and economically sound manner. Key aspects are: 1) Priority given to non-pesticidal control methods including natural, genetic, cultural, biological and biotechnological methods; 2) Multiple, compatible suppressive tactics; 3) Monitoring of pest and natural enemy populations and risks and the use of economic treatment or risk thresholds; and 4) Minimal use of the safest pesticides.