Diagnosis and management of chronic posterior cruciate ligament instability

摘要

Chronic posterior instabilities after delayed diagnosis or insufficient healing of a posterior cruciate ligament rupture are challenging. Knowledge of the typical injury mechanisms, the detailed anatomy as well as targeted clinical examinations and imaging modalities help to identify these instabilities. Determination of increased posterior tibial translation on stress x-rays can objectify instability and guide treatment. The surgical approach to chronic instability is ligament reconstruction. Standardized arthroscopic anatomical reconstruction is outlined in this article.