The first record of Late Jurassic crossognathiform fishes from Europe and their phylogenetic importance for teleostean phylogeny

摘要

The Late Jurassic Bavarichthys incognitus, n. gen. n. sp. from Ettling, Bavaria, is de-scribed. The new species represents the oldest record of a crossognathiform in Europe and together with Chongichthys from the Oxfordian of South America stands at the basal levels of a clade including crossognathids and pachyrhizodontoids. In addition, the new fish represents the first record of a crossognathiform in the Solnhofen Lime-stones. The new genus is characterized by numerous features such as the presence of infraorbitals 1-3 independent and 4+5 fused; two supramaxillary bones present; su-pramaxilla 2 considerably shorter than supramaxilla 1 and lacking an antero-dorsal pro-cess; well-developed series of epineural, epicentral and epipleural intermuscular bones; parhypural and hypurals 1 and 2 partially fused to each other; a series of epaxial basal fulcra; and a few, elongate fringing fulcra associated with the dorsal leading margin of caudal fin.