In handheld communications devices there is not much room for the placement of antennas. This problem is exacerbated when more than one antenna is needed for use in a MIMO communications system. It is then useful to be able to utilize some of the existing device structure to form the required antennas. In this article, we show how the characteristic mode theory can be used to achieve this in a way that results in antennas with the low envelope correlation preferred for MIMO antennas.
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