The cooling process is important for the thermal management of lithium-ion batteries, and maintaining their operating temperature in the optimal range is essential because high temperatures, in addition to reducing ef-ficiency, can damage the batteries. In recent years, many studies have been conducted to achieve an efficient thermal management system (TMS) and the effect of coolant flow distribution in mini-channels, but simultaneous utilization of wavy microchannels and microtubes in a cooling system is a new topic that is addressed in the present work. In this study, silver-water/ethylene glycol nanofluid is considered as a biologically synthesized working fluid, and the effect of nanoparticle volume fraction (phi), Reynolds number (Re), and inlet and outlet arrangement on thermal performance and battery temperature changes are examined. The results demonstrate that the use of HS in all cases reduces the temperature of the battery surface and the use of nanofluid in this cooling system keeps its temperature within a safe operating range. Also, counter flow in microchannel and microtube creates a more uniform temperature profile on the battery surface, keeping the battery temperature in the range of 300 to 310 K. For parallel flow, the battery temperature is in the range of 303 to 312 K. In all cases, the temperature difference between different points on the battery surface is less than 5. Besides, an increment in Re and phi enhances the entropy generation of the system.
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