Mating disruption of codling moth with a continuous adhesivetape carrying high densities of pheromone dispensers

摘要

A new mating disruption approach, EcoTape FTF, has been recently developed for codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) control.EcoTape is a continuous adhesive tape (500 or 625 m long, 1 cm wide) with dispensers (3-cm length and each with 2.5 mgcodlemone) at 0.6 m spacing. The tape is unrolled through the canopy row providing high densities of sex pheromone dispensers(from 2,000 to 5,000 dispensers/ha). The release rate of new and field-aged dispensers, measured by solid-phase micro-extraction(SPME), decreased over time but at the end of the season individual dispensers still emitted more codlemone than the amount re-ported for a codling moth calling female. Single dispensers elicited close-range approaches and touchings by males in a wind tun-nel. In the field, traps containing aged EcoTape dispensers captured similar numbers of males throughout the season to traps con-taining standard monitoring rubber septum lures. The attractiveness both in wind tunnel and in the field suggests that EcoTapedispensers may satisfy some of the prerequisites for producing a false-trail following (FTF) effect on C. pomonella males. Theresults of field trials (2004-2007) demonstrated that the application of EcoTape can control codling moth throughout the seasonunder the climatic conditions of northern Italy with an efficacy comparable with those of conventional strategies based on chemi-cals and pheromones.