Politiques publiques et developpement durable dans le monde rural caledonien. (Sustainable Development, Public Policies and Rural Dynamics in New Caledonia. With English summary.)

摘要

A key challenge for sustainable development policies lies in their identification and effective implementation. Twenty years after the Brundtland report, while the discourse of sustainable development has become ever more encompassing, implementation has been unfulfilled. In this article, we document the emergence of sustainable development and associated policies in rural New Caledonia. Do specific steps and measures and political speeches which refer to sustainable development change the dynamics of New Caledonia's rental economy and rurality characterized by historical dualism? Sustainable development, in New Caledonia as elsewhere, changes the terms of the local debate. However, the difficulty of its implementation refers to its superimposing on previous ideologies; here "rebalancing" and "common destiny". Sustainable development does not question the dualism of the New Caledonian rurality and does not contribute that much to the debate on the rent. Finally, it does not encourage a great change in rural policies and in the way the long term dynamics spread between economic, social, and environmental dimensions.