HP/HT design issues in depth

摘要

High pressure/high temperature conditions raise a number of critical issues for successful design ofdeepwater pipelines. High pressure/high temperature (HP/HT) production has always posed additional engineering challenges to subsea pipelines. As subsea pipeline use has become more widespread in shallower water such as the North Sea, understanding of these issues and how to address them has improved. HP/HT applications are now increasing in deepwater areas such as West Africa and the Gulf of Mexico, yet the technology and understanding cannot simply be transferred as-is. In deep water, where severe conditions lead to changes in product dynamics, flow assurance and the importance of thermal management systems are critical issues, making pipeline design far more complex. In particular, matters of thermal performance, thermal buckling and installation are among the issues to be considered.