De l'estimation de Page individuel dentaire au modele descriptif des structures d'age des cohortes fossiles :l'exemple des Equidae et du time-specific modelen contextes paleobiologiques pleistocenes

摘要

In this study, the concepts of the two main models – attritional and ca-tastrophic – often used in archaeozoology, are discussed from a methodo-logical point of view The characterization of the U and L age profiles, basedon the frequency of individuals in each age group (fx), is presented withindifferent palaeobiological contexts studied in various publications.Commonly applied methods are presented as well as predictive equationsfor Equidae for the estimation of age based on dental wear. As a step-by-step example, the height of P4/ is used to estimate individual age, includingits distribution in the various class-intervals according to the error rangespredicted by the model (E). Mammalian mortality is then regarded from the point of view of population dynamics (life tables) with the Time-specificmodel. This descriptive model of fossil cohorts and the main indices whichcan be calculated in each age group are presented in detail (lx, qx, ex, kx,m, R0). The level of resolution of the model and its prospects for compa-rative analysis are discussed – especially between different taxonomicaland chronological cohorts in particular palaeobiological contexts – and abrief presentation made of the Leslie matrix used in this kind of research.