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The pro-life argument from substantial identity and the pro-choice argument from asymmetric value: A reply to Patrick Lee

机译:来自实质认同的赞成人生论证和不对称价值的赞成选择论证:对帕特里克·李的回应

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Lee claims that foetuses and adult humans are phases of the same identical substance, and thus have the same moral status because: first, foetuses and adults are the same physical organism, and second, the development from foetus to adult is quantitative and thus not a change of substance. Versus the first argument, I contend that the fact that foetuses and adults are the same physical organism implies only that they are the same thing but not the same substance, much as living adults and their corpses are the same thing (same body) but not the same substance. Against Lee's second argument, I contend that Lee confuses the nature of a process with the nature of its result. A process of quantitative change can produce a change in substance. Lee also fails to show that foetuses are rational and thus have all the essential properties of adults, as required for them to be the same substance. Against the pro-choice argument from asymmetric value (that only the fact that a human has become conscious of its life and begun to count on its continuing can explain human life's asymmetric moral value, i.e. that it is vastly worse to kill a human than not to produce one), Lee claims that foetus's lives are asymmetrically valuable to them before consciousness. This leads to counterintuitive outcomes, and it confuses the goodness of life (a symmetric value that cannot account for why it is worse to kill a human than not produce one) with asymmetric value.
机译:Lee声称胎儿和成年人类是同一物质的相同阶段,因此具有相同的道德地位,因为:首先,胎儿和成年是同一物理有机体,其次,从胎儿到成年的发育是定量的,因此不是实质改变。与第一个论点相比,我认为胎儿和成年人是同一物理有机体这一事实仅意味着它们是同一事物,而不是同一物质,就像活着的成年人及其尸体是同一事物(同一身体)一样,却不是相同的物质。反对李的第二种说法,我认为李将过程的性质与结果的性质混淆了。数量变化的过程可能产生实质变化。 Lee还没有证明胎儿是理性的,因此具有成年人的所有基本特性,这是它们成为同一物质所必需的。反对来自非对称价值的选择主张(只有人类意识到自己的生命并开始依靠其继续生存这一事实才可以解释人类生命的非对称道德价值,即杀死一个人比没有杀死它要糟得多。 Lee提出,胎儿在意识之前的生活对他们而言具有非对称的价值。这导致了违反直觉的结果,并且使生活的美好(一种对称的价值无法解释为什么杀死一个人比不生产一个人更糟的原因)具有不对称的价值。

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