Spin Relaxation of Optically Pumped Rubidium Atoms in Molecular Buffer Gases

摘要

Short spin relaxation times for rubidium atoms, oriented by optical pumping, have been observed in the presence of benzene, ammonia, and dimethyl ether buffer gases. The disorientation cross sections of these gases in rubidium are obtained from relaxation times measured in mixtures with molecular nitrogen. The partial pressures of the gases were low compared to the nitrogen pressures in the mixtures, and the diffusion coefficient of rubidium in the mixtures was assumed to be the same as in pure nitrogen. The disorientation cross sections at 55deg;C are 7plusmn;1times;10mdash;19cm2for benzene, 8plusmn;2times;10mdash;18cm2for ammonia, and 3plusmn;1times;10mdash;18cm2for dimethyl ether. The cross section of carbon monoxide has also been obtained from the longer rubidium spin relaxation time in this gas. These measurements, complicated by a slow reaction of carbon monoxide with liquid rubidium, yield a cross section of 1plusmn;0.5times;10mdash;22cm2for carbon monoxide.The cross sections of ammonia, dimethyl ether, and benzene are much larger than cross sections of other molecular buffer gases. A discussion of the relaxation processes in these gases is given. The large cross sections of polar gases with appreciable dipole moments are found to result from an interaction of the rubidium atoms with the electric field of the polar molecules during a collision. Virtual excitation to thepstates of the atom by the electric field gives rise to an interaction of the spin of the valence electron with the orbital angular momentum of thepstates. The direct contribution of the magnetic field of the moving polar molecule is also considered and found to be small compared to the electric interaction. The large cross section of benzene is assumed to result from a spin exchange interaction with a charge transfer complex of rubidium and benzene formed in very small amounts. If the assumed complex is responsible for the large benzene cross section, the equilibrium constant for its formation can be calculated from an estimate of the spin exchange cross section.