This paper addresses the use of finite element method to the simulation of humans in an impact environment. An extensive literature survey reveals several rigid body dynamics models of the human and sub-components, however, relatively little work has been performed using finite elements. Difficulties remain in characterising the material properties of the associated biological materials because of non-linear, inhomogeneous, anisotropic, and rate dependent behaviour. Physical testing using cadavers remains the primary means for determining human impact response and for validating the models created. A method for creating human finite element models is presented which requires the model to be developed in a ground-up approach and in a componentwise manner. Each component has five levels of detail with level one being a collection of rigid segments connected by simple joints and level five consisting of a highly detailed model with proper material properties and injury mechanisms included.
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