Orthodox cultivation by ploughing, rolling, discing, levelling, and harrowing, with and without subsoiling, was compared with subsurface loosening to plough depth without soil inversion, with shallow surface cultivation, and with no cultivation, on 2 successive crops of chou moellier. The first crop was out of medium to good quality grass-clover pasture. The soil was a heavy silt loam on clay loam. Herbicides were used on all treatments except on those receiving orthodox cultivation. Results were as follows:
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