Studies of human infants’ sensitivity to object orientation have confounded two different psychological questions – one about ability to discriminate object orientation and the other about the existence of object constancy. From several examples from the recent psychological literature, we conclude that the attempt to separate the constancy and discrimination questions in an experimental design employing only a single dependent variable fails practically and theoretically, since any such separation is predicated on an incorrect theory of constancy. A theoretically more acceptable multi-variable design is outli
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