Revolutionary changes have taken place in the field of components technology and these in turn, have brought about consequent developments in the methods and practices in the electronic equipment manufacture. The manufacturing methods of printed circuit boards which are the primary building blocks in any electronic equipment today and the assembly practices have been undergoing rapid changes. Further, in the case of professional-grade electronic equipment, testing assumes very significant importance. Methods of testing at various levels from the component stage to the final system stage are becoming increasingly rigorous and sophisticated. These developments are discussed in some detail.
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