Changing phases of fiber optic communication

摘要

Abstract Optical communication systems have evolved over the years from simple intensity modulation and direct detection systems to those involving modulation of amplitude, phase, polarization and transverse modal profile. This article provides a brief tutorial review of the different modulation schemes used in the state-of-the-art optical communication systems and the futuristic trends in this direction to improve the data rates and spectral efficiency. The additional challenges with the advanced modulation schemes are discussed and some experimental results related to the demonstration of high-speed communication with such advanced modulation schemes are presented.