It is remarkable how a malignant cell orchestrates the acquired modifications for the purpose of sustainable tumour growth. Hypoxia, drug resistance and a low number of immunogenic antigens seen in many cancers, including breast cancer, are common barriers to chemo-therapeutic efficacy in the tumour microenvironment (TME), leading to treatment failures. As a result, in recent years, research into TME-modifying drugs that improve drug effectiveness and promote antitumour immunity has shown promise in extending overall patient survival. Amini et aI. investigated a multimodal paradigm that combines bioreactive, TME-modulating hybrid polymer-lipid encapsulated manganese dioxide nanoparticles (PLMD-NPs) with doxorubicin (DOX). Бhis combatted drug resistance mechanisms, reduced hypoxia and reversed immunosuppressive conditions by stimulating innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby blocking crosstalk between cancer cells and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and improving chemotherapy.
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