Refined conodont stratigraphy at Martenberg (Rhenish Massif, Germany) as base for a formal middle/upper Frasnian substage boundary

摘要

Abstract The famous Martenberg section of the eastern Rhenish Massif, Germany, type-section of classical Frasnian goniatite and conodont zonations, has been restudied in order to document the microfacies development and to refine the conodont stratigraphy around the global semichatovae Event/Transgression, the proposed level to define a future upper Frasnian substage. More than 8.000 platform elements were identified and include new taxa. Palmatolepis jamieae is subdivided into the subspecies Pa. jamieae jamieae, Pa. jamieae savagei n. ssp., Pa. jamieae rosa n. ssp., and Pa. jamieae ssp. δ. Another new species, Pa. adorfensis n. sp., was previously partly identified as Pa. jamieae, while Pa. descendens n. sp. has previously been described in open nomenclature from Inner Mongolia. Morphotypes are defined in Icriodus symmetricus, Pa. ljaschenkoae, and Pa. proversa. A global literature survey shows that the eustatic semichatovae Event can be recognised in more than 20 regions of all continents with (sub)tropical Upper Devonian outcrops. At Martenberg, the transgression is preceded by a thin but distinctive interval with unconformities, microbial mats, sheet cracks, and currents that brought in the regionally youngest volcaniclastics. The new conodont data confirm that no typical Pa. jamieae (sensu the holotype) occur in the two beds originally supposed to represent the jamieae Zone in its reference section. We fully support the conclusion of Ovnatanova and Kononova (2020) that the jamieae Zone should be abandoned. Early Pa. jamieae subspecies and the related new taxa enter at Martenberg and in a few other regions in the globally easily recognisable Frasnian Zone 10 (= plana Zone). Frasnian Zone 11 (feisti Zone) is subdivided into subzones FZ 11a (= feisti Subzone) and FZ 11b (= nasuta Subzone). The base of the latter coincides with the semichatovae Transgression, the semichatovae Subzone of more shallow shelf settings, and is proposed to define in future the upper Frasnian substage base. On a global scale, the Martenberg section is currently the best bed-by-bed documented section for facies changes, conodont and goniatite biostratigraphy at the middle/upper Frasnian transition. Therefore, it is a prime candidate for a future GSSP selection. A global literature survey identified more than 20 other pelagic conodont successions that have the potential for precise correlation and a better understanding of the environmental changes associated with the semichatovae Event.