RISK ASSESSMENT OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE IN SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHI ASSOCIATED WITH AVIAN ENVIRONMENT

摘要

Evolution of multidrug resistance among enteric pathogens has gained momentum due to accelerated exposure to antimicrobials in the environment. Increased emergence of resistance has magnified the plentitude, dissemination, and transfer of antimicrobial resistant genes in different bacterial pathogens including Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Present study was aimed to collect samples from different avian environmental sources including water, soil, dried feacal and egg samples of selected birds species in wild and captivity for the presence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. All isolated strains (110) were tested by Kirby Bauer's Disc diffusion assay for their antibiotic resistance against nine antibiotics including ciprofloxacin, amikacin, penicillin, vancomycin, azetreonam, meropanam, ertapenam, ceftriaxone and imepenam. We also tested presence of gyrase A gene in the isolated strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi by using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The avian isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi showed high rate of antibiotic resistance for different antibiotics especially against penicillin, ceftriaxone, meropenam and vancomycin. Sixty two % resistance was noted for ciprofloxacin. A 347 base pair Gyrase A gene amplicon was revealed in 40% strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. It is apparent that imbalance use of antibiotics has led to antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi organisms and its dissemination in environment is enhanced through avian species.