All breeds can be affected but dogs of bulldog descent (e.g. boxer, pug) and breeds including golden retrievers, Labradors and shar-pei are at increased risk, Thorough staging is important, especially in dogs with negative histologic or clinical prognostic factors, to aid optimum treatment planning and allow accurate prognostication. Surgery is the treatment of choice for MCTs and adjuvant treatment such as radiotherapy (RT) and/or chemotherapy may be required depending on the completeness of excision, histologic information, or presence of regional or distant metastasis. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or the novel agent tigilanol tiglate can also be employed in the gross disease setting where surgery is not possible. The prognosis for canine MCTs canvary widely from curative outcomes in low-grade, stage I, completely excised MCTs to median survival times in the region of just three to four months in stage IV disease.
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