Abstract Modern published data and the generalized results of our own study of the mechanisms of action of vasopressin in the body are presented. A wide range of physiological effects of this neuropeptide, its structure, synthesis, and receptors are considered. The connection between the synthesis and release of vasopressin and the activation of the cholinergic system is emphasized. Particular attention is paid to the effects of this neuropeptide on the blood coagulation system. Emphasis is placed on elucidating the degree of participation of central and peripheral cholinergic receptors in the reactions of the hemostasis system to vasopressin. The leading role of these receptors in enhancing fibrinolysis and the activity of tissue plasminogen activator under the action of the peptide is described. The data summarized in this review indicate the need for further study of the mechanisms that ensure the realization of this effect of vasopressin for its use in clinical practice in order to prevent and treat thrombotic complications with the highest efficiency and minimal side effects.
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