Purification of Water Contaminated with Heavy Metals by Example of Lead as a Promising Material Based on Graphene Nanostructures

摘要

This paper estimates the efficiency of using graphene nanostructures in water purification fromlead(II) ions to improve the ecological situation of water bodies. The mechanisms and characteristic parametersof the adsorption process were analyzed using empirical models of isotherms at the temperatures of 298,303, 313, and 323 K, which correspond to the following order (based on the correlation coefficient): Langmuir(0.99) > Temkin (0.97) > Dubinin–Radushkevich (0.90). The maximum adsorption capacity of thematerial ranged from 230 to 260 mg/g. The equilibrium was investigated at the level of thermodynamicparameter estimates, which indicated the spontaneity of the process, its endothermic nature, and structuralchanges in graphene modified with phenol-formaldehyde resin during the adsorption of lead(II) ions, resultingin a higher disorder of the system.