Creating top quality bonsai and prebonsai material usually involves mechanical techniques of many kinds. A major goal is to apply the techniques in ways which leave no evidence of the bonsai practitioner's manipulation of the plant. For example, it isgood practice to remove training wire before it creates permanent markings on the plant. Similar attention needs to be given to the healing of wounds created by the inevitable pruning away of unwanted growth. The healing process was previously discussed (ABS Journal, Vol. 46, no .2, 2012). Here we will speak of the cosmetic aspects of healing. Each species has its own characteristic manner of healing but we can make some generalizations which generally apply.
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