1. Thirty-nine patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were screened from 2,032 patients with nephrolithiasis seen at the Department of Urology, Osaka University Hospital since 1958. The condition of primary hyperparathyroidism was confirmed by parathyroid exploration. 2. These 39 cases, as well as three additional cases, are reported. Miscellaneous complications and postoperative results are reviewed and discussed. 3. Negative explorations were experienced in seven cases which had a presumptive diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism.
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