Understanding the surrounding matter, the laws and the functioning of the universe, this is the main challenge of the humankind, appeared at the dawn of times. Significant progress was made during last centuries, especially in the field of physics, which ultimately permitted the engineering of new devices and the development of new technologies. The mathematics is in tight relation with all these discoveries, as it provided a formal basis for these achievements. The challenges of the actual science more and more reside in the field of biology. This is quite natural as the fundamental questions about life: what distinguishes living and non-living matter and what is the organization of a living thing, are considered from the very old times. Recent developments in most areas of science permit to approach above questions in a methodological way giving a hope for substantial breakthrough.
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