Molecular organic indicators for human activities in the Roman harbor of Ephesus, Turkey

Schwarzbauer Jan; Stock Friederike; Brückner Helmut; Dsikowitzky Larissa; Krichel Marc

摘要

Abstract > Intensive organic‐geochemical analyses were applied to sediment core samples from the Roman harbor of Ephesus that date to the open, protected, and post‐harbor time periods. Screening analyses revealed a substance spectrum comprising n ‐alkanes, fatty acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and selected terpenoids. All these substance groups have been quantified and show a significant increase of concentration in the samples affected by the intensive use of Ephesus’ Roman harbor. However, a unique indicator substance or a single anthropogenic marker compound directly reflecting ancient harbor activities has not been identified. Nonetheless, systematic changes in the patterns of some major organic substance groups (PAHs, fatty acids, and n ‐alkanes) point to a significant change in the composition of organic matter (OM), which might reflect increased anthropogenic impacts during Ephesus’ flourishing period. These observations are likely related to enhanced anthropogenic use of natural products, such as waxes, and subsequent discharge by municipal sewage or the direct use and emission of such products in the harbor area. This study clearly demonstrates the usefulness of indicative organic compounds and changes in their patterns through time to detect the activities of ancient civilizations. This approach can be transferred to other sedimentary geoarchives associated with former settlement activities. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span>None </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-23373/'>《Geoarchaeology》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第4期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共12页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Schwarzbauer Jan&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Schwarzbauer Jan;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Stock Friederike&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Stock Friederike;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Brückner Helmut&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Brückner Helmut;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Dsikowitzky Larissa&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Dsikowitzky Larissa;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Krichel Marc&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Krichel Marc;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and CoalRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen Germany;</p> <p>Institute of Geography University of CologneAlbertus‐Magnus‐PlatzCologne Germany;</p> <p>Institute of Geography University of CologneAlbertus‐Magnus‐PlatzCologne Germany;</p> <p>Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and CoalRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen Germany;</p> <p>Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and CoalRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen Germany;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/1238.html" title="历史地质学、地层学">历史地质学、地层学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Ephesus harbor&option=203" rel="nofollow">Ephesus harbor;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=geoarchaeology&option=203" rel="nofollow">geoarchaeology;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=organic indicators&option=203" rel="nofollow">organic indicators;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=sedimentary archive&option=203" rel="nofollow">sedimentary archive;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Western Turkey&option=203" rel="nofollow">Western Turkey;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：Ephesus港口;地缘结构学;有机指标;沉积档案;土耳其西部; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> 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GAIN Report Number TU6020</a> <b>[R] </b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Erkut, Y.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Erkut, Y. </a> <span>2006</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：土耳其：有机产品。有机生产，2006年。增益报告编号TU6020</span> </p> </li> </ul> <ul style="display: none;"> <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-cn_chinese-science_thesis/0201227509507.html">A NEW HUMAN INTERFERON-γ MUTANT HARBORING EGF RECEPTOR-INTERFERING SEQUENCE POSSESSES HIGH ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY</a> <b>[J]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=王晓鸣&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 王晓鸣</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=李玉英&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,李玉英</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=金奇&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,金奇</a> <span> <a href="/journal-cn-10215/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 中国科学 </a> </span> <span> . 1992</span><span>,第001期</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-cn_ecological-economy-english_thesis/0201295609746.html">Impacts of Human Activity on Biodiversity——An Approach to Driving Force Indicators</a> <b>[J]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Richard Dawson&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . Richard Dawson</a> <span> <a href="/journal-cn-53239/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 生态经济：英文版 </a> </span> <span> . 2005</span><span>,第1期</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>3. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-conference-cn_meeting-26770_thesis/020221702976.html">Synthesis of Molecular Composite Macromolecules with High Fluorescence by Using Organic/inorganic Assemblies as Structural Units</a> <b>[C]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . </a> <span> <a href="/conference-cn-26770/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 2005年全国高分子学术论文报告会 </a> <span> <span> . 2005</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>4. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-degree-domestic_mphd_thesis/020316074344.html">Interpret the Spatial Structure of Handwritten Organic Molecular Formulas Based on SSD</a> <b>[A] </b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Yifei Wang&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . Yifei Wang</a> <span> . 2020</span> </span> </div> </li> </ul> <ul style="display: none;"> <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130417743356.html">METHODS FOR DETERMINING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE SUSTAINABILITY IN A HUMAN INDIVIDUAL, IDENTIFICATION OF A BOOKMARK FOR USE TO ASSESS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, FOR GENOTIPAYING A SAMPLE OF A PREPARATILE FOR NUCLEAR PROBABLE ACTIVITY PROGNOSIS OF A DIAGNOSTIC INDIVIDUAL WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, AND TO MONITOR PROGRESS OF TREATMENT OF AN INDIVIDUAL GOING TO TREATMENT FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, A HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE , DEVICE FOR DETERMINING A GENETIC INDICATOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN A HUMAN GUY</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  BRPI0807927A2 </span> <span> . 2014-06-24</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：确定人类个体中心血管疾病可持续性的方法，确定用于评估心血管疾病的书签，以便对样本中可能是核糖体病的预后进行诊断，并向病原体诊断疾病的证据个体要治疗心血管疾病，人类发展，心血管疾病，确定人类心血管疾病遗传指标的设备 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130406757109.html">compound for treating diseases or conditions by inhibiting the activity or expression of human gh, ghr, stat5, igf-1 and / or socs and proteins regulated by human gh, ghr, stat5, socs, igf-1 and insulin; compounds for treating diseases or conditions by inhibiting the activity or expression of human gh, ghr, stat5, socs, igf-1 and insulin and human gh, ghr, stat5, socs, igf-1 and insulin regulated proteins; method for treating diseases or conditions with changes in signaling genes related to human gh, ghr, stat5 and socs; and method for treating diseases or conditions caused by growth hormone activity</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  BR112017017182A2 </span> <span> . 2018-04-03</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：通过抑制人gh，ghr，stat5，igf-1和/或SOC和人类gh，ghr，stat5，socs，igf-1和胰岛素调节的蛋白的活性或表达来治疗疾病或病症的化合物;通过抑制人gh，ghr，stat5，socs，igf-1和胰岛素以及人gh，ghr，stat5，socs，igf-1和胰岛素调节蛋白的活性或表达来治疗疾病或病症的化合物;通过改变与人类gh，ghr，stat5和socs有关的信号转导基因来治疗疾病或病症的方法;和治疗由生长激素活性引起的疾病或状况的方法 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>3. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130446844251.html">Isolated molecular structure, enveloping and combining viruses, vaccine formulation, anti-corporomonoclonal, polyclonal antiserum, jelly, foam, contraceptive cream or ointment, mammal and human blood samples, kit, cell line, treatment processes or prevention of infection by a virus in subject, treatment or prevention of infection by a human infection, inhibition of infection by a virus in a blood sample, inhibition of infection by HIV in a human blood sample, decontamination of surgical or dental tools, monitoring of antibody product to molecular structure, production of an immunogen for use in a vaccine for treatment or prevention of infection by a virus, and production of an immunogen for use in a vaccine for the treatment or prevention of HIV infection, cross-linked structure, monoclonal antibody to the structure , decontamination of surgical or dental tools, pro selection process of a molecular structure for vaccine efficacy, mammal, isolated protein complex, devacin formulation, p</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  BR9912732A </span> <span> . 2001-11-27</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：分离的分子结构，包膜和合并病毒，疫苗制剂，抗体单克隆抗体，多克隆抗血清，果冻，泡沫，避孕霜或软膏，哺乳动物和人类血液样本，试剂盒，细胞系，治疗过程或预防对象被病毒感染，治疗或预防人类感染的感染，抑制血液样本中的病毒感染，抑制人类血液样本中的HIV感染，对外科工具或牙科工具进行去污，监控抗体产物的分子结构，用于疫苗中的用于治疗或预防病毒感染的免疫原，以及用于疫苗中的用于治疗或预防HIV感染的免疫原的生产，交联结构，针对该结构的单克隆抗体，外科手术的净化或牙科工具，用于疫苗效力的分子结构的专业选择过程，哺乳动物，分离的蛋白复合物，解体素制剂，p </span> </p> </li> </ul> 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