New Insights of Zn2+/Li(+)Hybrid Aqueous Batteries

摘要

The integration of energy storage systems into intermittent renewable energy sources in power grids ensures the continuity of the energy supply in a balanced and efficient way. Novel rechargeable zinc ion and zinc hybrid aqueous technologies constitute paradigmatic examples of promising alternative energy storage systems for large-scale applications, due to their intrinsic low cost, environmental friendliness, safety, high power density, and ease of operation. This work evaluates the performance improvement of zinc/LiFePO(4)and zinc/LiMn(2)O(4)batteries through the incorporation of an alternative chloride-based electrolyte formulation inspired in Leclanche battery technology and also, in recently reported secondary zinc-air batteries. The use of this alternative electrolyte shows an increased working voltage and improves capacity retention for both zinc/LiFePO(4)and zinc/LiMn(2)O(4)batteries. This work analyses for the first time the specific energy of zinc-based hybrid aqueous batteries in a functional cell, by means of the incorporation of light zinc anode and Li+-based cathode which comprises superior active material loading. This approach demonstrates the feasibility of reversible zinc-based hybrid aqueous batteries with more than 90 W h kg(Active materials)(-1)as to 13 W h kg(Active materials)(-1)of the baseline technology.