'Population' as a cell of species. Small mammals [Russian]

摘要

"Population" is regarded, as a self-dependent unit of species inhabited a certain area. The integrity of population results from the movement of nonresidents within the "population" area. This provides for the sustainability of the whole "population" under destruction of some subpopulation units. The share of nonresidents in the "population" and the number of different demographic groups in its nonresident portion are determined by specific functioning. Four various modes of functioning are characteristic of small mammals. They result in different shares of nonresidents, different composition of nonresident population, and different terms of repopulating of depopulated sites. Biological signal field, according to N.P. Naumov, might structure movements of nonresidents. The reestablishment of destroyed local populations goes due to the sufficient number of nonresidents, currently moving within the "population" area. Asynchronous dynamic characteristics may be revealed in neighboring "populations". The processes, proceeding within a "population", are unimportant for the neighboring ones. The independent subsistence of population may contribute to different behavioral traits - traditions. The number of animals leaving the "population" area, may be sufficient to support the genetic integrity with neighboring populations and insufficient for integral functioning of them. So, "population" may be treated as an ecological cell of species, but it is not equivalent of genetic population.