Differences of growth and development between summer and autumn-type cultivars in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

摘要

Cultivar differences in common buckwheat in shoot growth and flower development during two cropping seasons are reported. The stem elongated vigorously at about the start of anthesis in all cultivars. The start of anthesis was earlier in summer-typecultivars (ST) than in autumn-type cultivars (AT), and during autumn cropping (AC) than in summer cropping (SC), but differences were small. Anthesis started at the same node on the main stem for all cultivars and croppings, except for Miyazakizairai during SC (two nodes higher than the others). Differences in shoot growth and flower development after the start of anthesis were very large between ST and AT. The ST finished shoot growth and flower development about two weeks after the start of anthesisduring both cropping seasons. The AT during AC also showed the same process as the ST, but AT grown during SC continued stem elongation and new leaf emergence for a longer period. As a result, the AT during SC had a very long stem and many leaves. Additionally, the AT during SC showed a synchronous rate of new leaf emergence and flower cluster anthesis at the rate of one leaf and one flower cluster per two days. In the others, however, the rate of new leaf emergence was the same, but the rate of new flower cluster anthesis was faster (one per day).