Standard harmonization as chasing zero (tolerance limits): the impact of veterinary drug residue standards on crustacean imports in the EU, Japan, and North America.

摘要

This paper investigates the impact of stricter drug residue (chloramphenicol, CAP) standards on crustacean imports to Canada, the EU15, Japan, and the USA. Based on changes in the CAP standard, the paper reviews import refusal data for the USA and use the gravity model to determine: (a) the effect of tightening CAP standards on import rejections; (b) the impact of these standards by export status; and (c) how developing countries, especially Asian exporters, are affected differently than others from more stringent CAP standards.