Understanding what is happening as the chip is formed helps solve many machining problems. The simplest form of metal removal is orthogonal cutting, where the tool's cutting edge is perpendicular to the direction of feed. Any side cutting edge angle other than zero is nonorthogonal cutting. The chip produced is as much as five times thicker than the DOC, and the chip length is always less than the length of the uncut chip, or chip that's not yet removed from the parent material, by the cutting ratio determined via the equation: r = t/t_c = l_c/l where t is DOC, t_c is chip thickness, l is length of uncut chip and l_c is length of cut chip.
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机译：了解芯片形成过程中发生的情况有助于解决许多机加工问题。去除金属最简单的方法是正交切削，即刀具的切削刃垂直于进给方向。除零以外的任何侧面切削刃角均为非正交切削。所产生的切屑比DOC厚五倍，并且切屑的长度始终小于未切屑或未从母材中去除的切屑的长度，其切屑比率由以下公式确定： ＝ t / t_c ＝ l_c / l其中t是DOC，t_c是切屑厚度，l是未切屑的长度，l_c是切屑的长度。
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