Features of phenophase duration in pear varieties and hybrids bred at the Timiryazev Academy of Agriculture in relation to weather conditions

摘要

Phenophase duration was studied in 3 main types of pear variety, namely second and third generation Pyrus ussuriensis derivatives and derivatives of P. communis (controls), during 1991-98 in the Moscow area. The number of varieties of each type was10, 1 and 2, respectively. The duration of the different phenophases was influenced by both weather conditions and genotype. Distinct differences in the onset of the flowering stage were observed between the first type and the other 2 types, making it difficult to use second generation P. ussuriensis derivatives as pollenizers as they flowered 3-7 days earlier. Weather conditions had the greatest effect on fruit development. A high number of sunshine hours in August gave commercial fruit ripeness in early autumn, autumn and early winter varieties in 10-15, 30-45 and 70-80 days, respectively.