Application of surgical safety standards to robotic surgery: Five principles of ethics for nonmaleficence

摘要

Surgeons have rapidly embraced robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgery in recent years, initially with uro-logic procedures, and now in gynecologic, general surgical, cardiothoracic, colorectal, pediatric and head and neck procedures, among others. Robotic surgery has transitioned from an investigational technology to a routine alternative to traditional laparoscopy and open surgery for certain oncologic and benign conditions.1'5 Some physicians might view robotic-assisted surgery as merely another laparoscopic device rather than a substantial change in surgical technique requiring additional training and a new skillset.