Anti-inflammatory Activity of Verminoside from Kigelia africana and Evaluation of Cutaneous Irritation in Cell Cultures and Reconstituted Human Epidermis

摘要

Kigelia africana is a plant used in Africa for anti-inflammatory,anti-microbial,and anti-skin-aging effects.Various papers have reported on the composition and biological activities of its CH_2Cl_2 extracts and dermal formulations.Chemical analysis of a polar extract of fruit from K.africana indicated the presence of verminoside(1),an iridoid,as a major constituent,and of a series of polyphenols such as verbascoside(2).In vitro assays showed that 1 had significant anti-inflammatory effects,inhibiting both iNOS expression and NO release in the LPS-induced J774.A1 macrophage cell line.Cytotoxicity and cutaneous irritation of the extract and of compounds 1 and 2 were investigated.The crude extract and 1 did not affect cell viability in vitro either in cells grown in monolayers(ML)or in the reconstituted human epidermis(RHE,3D)model;neither caused release of pro-inflammatory mediators or histomorphological modification of RHE.