A fully developed turbulent flow in a rotating straight square duct is simulated by direct numerical simulations at Re-tau = 300 and 0 <= Ro(tau) <= 40. The rotating axis is parallel to two opposite walls of the duct and normal to the main flow. Variations of the turbulence statistics with the rotation rate are presented, and a comparison with the rotating turbulent channel flow is discussed. Rich secondary flow patterns in the cross section are observed by varying the rotation rate. The appearance of a pair of additional vortices above the pressure wall is carefully examined, and the underlying mechanism is explained according to the budget analysis of the mean momentum equations. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
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