Corona based node distribution scheme targeting energy balancing in wireless sensor networks for the sensors having limited sensing range

摘要

Wireless sensor networks are equipped with sensor nodes having limited battery as energy source. These sensor nodes have to maintain the desirable coverage of the network to ensure the periodical communication of the sensed data to the base station. Therefore, lifetime of sensor nodes and the energy efficient network coverage are the two major issues that needs to be addressed. Effective placement of wireless sensor nodes is of paramount importance as the lifetime of the network depends upon it. In this work, a corona based energy balanced node deployment scheme for sensors with a limited sensing range is proposed in which the nodes are distributed in accordance with a probability density function (PDF). Optimal number of nodes in each corona is determined using the proposed PDF. Performance of the scheme is evaluated in terms of coverage, energy balance and network lifetime through simulation. The intrinsic characteristic of the proposed PDF has been derived. It is noticed that the node distribution through the proposed scheme not only provides better coverage in each layer but also minimizes both the energy-hole and the coverage-hole problems in the deployment field while maintaining longevity of the sensor network.