Uncovering African Agency: Angola's Management of China's Credit Lines

摘要

China s relations with Angola have been tempestuous, Involvement in Angola stretches back to the 1950s in Beijing's support for the various liberation organizations in the country. Eventually, China maintained ties with all three major organizations to a lesser or greater extent. However, after an Organization of African Unity mission recognized the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) as the legitimate liberation organization in July 1963, Chinese attention largely shifted away from the movement, although China maintained cordial links, exemplified by the then leader's telegram to Mao in 1971 expressing "friendly respect." Nevertheless, after the coup d'etat in Lisbon in 1974 and the outbreak of civil war in Angola, Beijing emerged discredited through ending up on the side of apartheid South Africa and