A REVIEW OF 20TH CENTURY RANGE EXPANSION AND POPULATION TRENDS OF THE GOLDEN-FRONTED WOODPECKER (MELANERPES AURIFRONS): HISTORICAL AND ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES

摘要

Within the United States, the overall breeding range of golden-fronted woodpeckers (Melanerpes aurifrons) appears to have expanded northward and westward during the last century. These distributional changes have occurred concurrently with population fluctuations in regions of historical occupation and changes in regional habitat. To date, there exist no comprehensive review of these changes in the literature. For that Reason, a review of historical and recent literature, as well as breeding bird atlas data, was Conducted to determine when and where changes in golden-fronted woodpecker geographic Distribution have occurred.