Hollowed Ground: Copper Mining and Community Building on Lake Superior, 1840s-1990s

摘要

In the 1840s, a few intrepid capitalists opened the first industrial mines on the immensely rich copper deposits of Michigan's Keweenaw Peninsula, a narrow sliver of land that juts north into Lake Superior like a bear claw. Iso-lated from the outside world by rugged miles and deep winter snows, would-be captains of mining discovered that building a successful mine also meant building a decent town for workers and families. Reluctantly at first, but insistently in the end, the Lake Superior mining companies be-came the usually benevolent lords of the Keweenaw—at least until other forces challenged their dominion and sparked harsh retribution.