Phyt'Eaux Cités : un partenariat « producteurs d'eau-collectivités » pour la réduction de la contamination des eaux de surface par les produits phytosanitaires en milieu urbain

摘要

Water from the River Seine is used to supply drinking water to people living in Paris and its greater metropolitan area. For this reason, drinking water producers are duty-bound to protecting it from pollution. In urban environments, the use of pesticides, particularly by municipalities to maintain roads, parks and gardens, is one such source of pollution. The Syndicat des eaux d'lle-de-France [Sedif] is responsible for managing drinking water services for 144 boroughs in the Paris area. In January 2007, the Sedif launched "Phyt'Eaux Cites" in order to prevent contamination of raw water by ways of limiting the use of pesticides. The initiative is set to last four years. It deals with an area that includes parts of the catchment basin for the Seine, the lower part of the River Orge, as well as the Yvette catchment basin area. Ten public and private partners are currently involved in the working group. In the first year, representatives of 73 local governments were informed of the programme's aims and content. Thereafter, the project team conducted environmental audits and training sessions. The method of analysis included four sampling points and was set to detect 189 different compounds. Preliminary results confirmed the urban origin of pesticides and the impact on the quality of raw water in the Orge river and Yvette catchment basins. Brochures and posters were produced and used to raise awareness, among elected officials and citizens, about the threats related to the use of pesticides and herbicides by municipalities for the upkeep of their roads, parks and gardens. Already, Phyt'Eaux Cites has clearly shown why drinking water producers should protect their resources and how this can de done. However, a number of challenges remain; one of them is about strengthening the commitment of local councillors to reducing the quantities of pesticides and herbicides used by their own municipal staff.%2007, première année du programme, a permis la mise en place de l'organisation de l'action, une forte mobilisation des communes et le démarrage des actions de terrain (audits et formations). Les résultats des six premiers mois d'analyses, réalisées sur quatre stations et portant sur 189 molécules phytosanitaires, ont confirmé l'impact important de l'usage de phytosanitaires d'origine urbaine sur la qualité de l'eau des bassins de l'Orge aval et de l'Yvette. Des outils de communication ont été établis pour faciliter l'implication des communes et des habitants dans l'action. Phyt'Eaux Cités démontre la réussite d'un partenariat entre les producteurs d'eau potable pour protéger leurs ressources. Cependant, des difficultés sont encore à lever, notamment améliorer l'implication des élus des communes dans la démarche.