In some embodiments, a system comprises a radiation source, an optical element, a detector, and a processor. The radiation source configured to generate a beam of radiation. The optical element is configured to produce a non-uniform change in a phase of the beam of radiation and to output a coherence-scrambled radiation for irradiating a target. The optical property of the optical element is tunable so as to change an amount of incoherence of the coherence-scrambled radiation. The detector is configured to receive radiation scattered by the target and to generate a measurement signal based on the received radiation. The processor is configured to analyze the measurement signal to determine a characteristic of the target. In some embodiments, a coherence scrambler device comprises a metasurface and a controller, The metasurface is configured to receive coherent radiation and to produce a non-uniform change in a phase of the coherent radiation. The controller is configured to tune an optical property of the melasurface so as to change an amount of incoherence of the coherent radiation to generate coherence-scrambled radiation. In some embodiments, a method comprises receiving incident light radiation on a metasurface. The metasurface causes a change in a phase of the incident light radiation. The method also comprises applying a signal to the metasurface to tune an optical property of the metasurface so to change an amount of incoherence of the incident light radiation, remitting coherence-scrambled radiation from the metasurface, and irradiating a target with the coherence-scrambled radiation. Further features and advantages of the invention, as well as the structure and operation of various embodiments of the invention, are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is noted that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein. Such embodiments are presented herein for illustrative purposes only. Additional embodiments will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s) based on the teachings contained herein.
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