In the coming decades, the railways will be faced with major changes in their socio-demographic environment, in industrial countries in particular. In Europe above all, this development will be particularly marked: an overall drop in the population -by some 6% at the 2030 time horizon, an increase in life expectancy and substantial growth in the number of people aged over 60, a reduction in the size of the average household, the spread of the urban periphery at the expense of the city centre, and an upsurge in teleworking. The effect of these changes on passenger travel demand will be particularly marked.
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