生業動態からみた縄文時代人の食料戦略:sustainable useの先駆者としての縄文文化

摘要

本論は縄文時代の食料戦略から考えた生業動態論を紹介したものである.まず筆者が院生時代に没頭した貝殻成長線解析を用いた貝殻構造や貝殻形成機構の研究，数々の貝塚遺跡や住居址内貝層から出土した貝殻を収集して行った季節推定や貝類資源の位置づけ，および海况環境復元から始まったパレオバイオマス(Paleobiomass)分析を紹介した.また貝類以外の動物資源の季節推定を進める中で，ヒトと食料資源の関係を考える生業動態(Exploitation dynamics)や捕獲圧(Hunting-collecting pressure)分析へと展開し，縄文時代人の持続可能な生業のあり方(sustainable use)について推論を紹介した.その根底にあるものは，多様な食料資源を適切に選択しながら利用することで，対象動植物の生態のみならず，シカ捕獲の上限など資源管理の知識ももち合わせていたと考えられる.一方，縄文時代の増加期型集落と飽和期型集落などの社会構造については，今後古人骨のaDNAなど新技術の適用によって.集落内·集落間の移動や拡散，社会的階層化·儀礼行為の発達などとの関連性が解明されることを期待したい.%This paper, as a JAQUA Award paper, introduces exploitation dynamics theory as applied to food strategy during the Jomon period. The author started shell growth-line analysis by research on shell structure and shell formation mechanism, and then conducted seasonality analysis of shell collecting activities using shells excavated from numerous shell layers at shell mound sites and dwelling sites. These researches led to the development of paleo biomass analysis derived from the reconstruction of the marine environment. In the process of seasonal dating on shellfish and other animals, the author developed exploitation dynamics and hunting-collecting pressure analyses to consider the relationship between humans and food resources, especially the sustainable use practices of the Jomon people. The underlying thought of this seems to reflect a wide range of knowledge of resource management not only the ecology of the target animals and plants but also appropriate select on and management, such as setting upper limits on deer capture. Exploitation dynamics analysis is expected to apply to social stratification, immigration, and diffusion of settlements by applying new technologies such as ancient DNA, comparing the increase-type village with the saturation-type village of the Jomon period.