Editorial

摘要

This second themed issue of Forensic Engineering on resilience for climate change has been prepared at an extraordinary time of real change. Both this 2017 issue and the previous 2015 edition (Thorniley-Walker, 2015a) cover subjects associated with safety of society and infrastructure, using briefing articles to review current and predicted conditions that will be shocking to many 1. global temperatures started to reach 1 -5℃ of warming above pre-industrial levels in 2016, just months after the Twenty-first Session of the Conference of the Parties (COP21) in Paris adopted that temperature as one of its targets 2. after a 3-year reprieve, the summer Arctic sea ice is once again heading towards zero volume around 2021 3. the best estimate is that temperatures will reach 5℃ above pre-industrial levels by 2100 4. civil engineers are warned that they need to consider the possible effects of 4℃ of warming above pre-industrial levels by 2040.