Historically, ample sources of fresh water gave papermakers considerable flexibility in dealing with paper machine problems. In very open water systems, soluble salts and other chemicals could be discharged from the system. Yet abundant, inexpensive, high quality fresh water is just a memory for most mills. Today, environmental regulations severely limit wastewater discharge. Yet Whitewater recycling can increase organic and inorganic loading and affect the microorganisms that colonize paper machine systems.
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