Conditional convergence in energy consumption per capita of OPEC member countries: evidence from non-linearity tests

摘要

This paper examines the convergence of energy consumption in Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) countries. A new non-linear unit root test is principally utilized in the convergence analysis. We support the convergence of energy consumption in the OPEC member countries. Convergence of energy consumption is associated with the call for energy conservation policies, in order to improve energy efficiency and reduce global greenhouse emissions.