Between 1864 and 1868, Captain Luppis of the Austrian navy and the Scottish engineer Rover Whitehead developed the programmed underwater vehicle (PUV). This was the first self-propelled torpedo powered by compressed air. The first tethered robot was developed by French scientist and engineer Dimitri Rebikoff in 1953, which he name the Poodle. The United States is credited for advancing the ROV's capabilities in order to recover underwater ordnance.
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