Rist analysis and management for marine systems

摘要

Sources of risk to marine systems include equipment failure, external events, human error, and institutional error. Equipment failure, the most readily recognized hazard on ships, may be categorized as either inde- pendent failure, such as the loss of steering because of the failure of a power steering pump or common- cause failure, such as the loss of propulsion and steering resulting from a total loss of electrical power to the ship. Risk from external events arises from hazard such as collision with other ships, sea state; wind, and ice or other weather factors.