Convivial Urban Spaces: Creating Effective Public Places

摘要

The literature on public space is now one of the largest and most developed in urban design. Seminal contributions from William Whyte (1980), Jan Gehl (1987), Clare Cooper Marcus and Carolyn Francis (1997), Helen Wooley (2003), and others have shown through their research and design work that good public spaces are ones that are well used and accessible to a wide variety of people. Practice has improved and more spaces are being designed to provide for human use and enjoyment. Yet, significant gaps in our understanding of the public realm of cities remain. For example, why are some public spaces memorable while others easily forgotten? How can understandings of cultural diversity and publicness guide design and management of public open spaces? What physical forms are the most effective? How can designers, planners, and managers best apply the lessons learned from the now extensive number of published case studies?