James Anderson's The rebel den of Nung Tri Cao examines the efforts in the eleventh century of a Tai-speaking leader by the name of Nung Tri Cao to carve out a sphere of authority for himself in the area of what is today the Sino-Vietnamese border, but which at that time was a frontier zone between regions under the control of the Chinese Song and the Vietnamese Ly dynasties. Methodologically, Anderson places his study within recent trends in frontier studies which have emphasised negotiation, broadly understood, as a paradigm for understanding frontier relations. In particular, Anderson sees Nung Tri Cao as having sought to negotiate a space for himself in the Sino-Vietnamese borderlands through his interactions and conflicts with the Chinese and Vietnamese courts, at the same time that he sought legitimacy in culturally specific terms from his Tai-speaking followers.
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机译：詹姆斯·安德森（James Anderson）的《农翠曹的叛逆者》考察了十一世纪以农翠曹的名字命名的讲泰语的领导人在当今中越边境地区为自己开拓权威的努力，但当时是中国宋与越南Ly王朝控制下的地区之间的边境地区。从方法上讲，安德森将他的研究放在前沿研究的最新趋势之内，这些前沿研究强调了广泛理解的谈判，这是理解边界关系的范例。特别是，安德森（Anderson）认为，曹操（Nung Tri Cao）试图通过与中越两国法院的互动和冲突，为自己在中越边境建立一个空间，与此同时，他还从他的泰语中寻求具有特定文化意义的合法性的追随者。
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